Visualizer¶

class mmengine.visualization.Visualizer(name='visualizer', image=None, vis_backends=None, save_dir=None, fig_save_cfg={'frameon': False}, fig_show_cfg={'frameon': False})[源代码]¶

MMEngine provides a Visualizer class that uses the Matplotlib library as the backend. It has the following functions:

Basic drawing methods
- draw_bboxes: draw single or multiple bounding boxes
- draw_texts: draw single or multiple text boxes
- draw_points: draw single or multiple points
- draw_lines: draw single or multiple line segments
- draw_circles: draw single or multiple circles
- draw_polygons: draw single or multiple polygons
- draw_binary_masks: draw single or multiple binary masks
- draw_featmap: draw feature map
Basic visualizer backend methods
- add_configs: write config to all vis storage backends
- add_graph: write model graph to all vis storage backends
- add_image: write image to all vis storage backends
- add_scalar: write scalar to all vis storage backends
- add_scalars: write scalars to all vis storage backends
- add_datasample: write datasample to all vis storage backends. The abstract drawing interface used by the user
Basic info methods
- set_image: sets the original image data
- get_image: get the image data in Numpy format after drawing
- show: visualization
- close: close all resources that have been opened
- get_backend: get the specified vis backend

All the basic drawing methods support chain calls, which is convenient for overlaydrawing and display. Each downstream algorithm library can inherit Visualizer and implement the add_datasample logic. For example, DetLocalVisualizer in MMDetection inherits from Visualizer and implements functions, such as visual detection boxes, instance masks, and semantic segmentation maps in the add_datasample interface.

参数:

name (str) – Name of the instance. Defaults to ‘visualizer’.
image (np.ndarray, optional) – the origin image to draw. The format should be RGB. Defaults to None.
vis_backends (list, optional) – Visual backend config list. Defaults to None.
save_dir (str, optional) – Save file dir for all storage backends. If it is None, the backend storage will not save any data.
fig_save_cfg (dict) – Keyword parameters of figure for saving. Defaults to empty dict.
fig_show_cfg (dict) – Keyword parameters of figure for showing. Defaults to empty dict.

示例

>>> # Basic info methods
>>> vis = Visualizer()
>>> vis.set_image(image)
>>> vis.get_image()
>>> vis.show()

>>> # Basic drawing methods
>>> vis = Visualizer(image=image)
>>> vis.draw_bboxes(np.array([0, 0, 1, 1]), edge_colors='g')
>>> vis.draw_bboxes(bbox=np.array([[1, 1, 2, 2], [2, 2, 3, 3]]),
>>>                    edge_colors=['g', 'r'])
>>> vis.draw_lines(x_datas=np.array([1, 3]),
>>>                y_datas=np.array([1, 3]),
>>>                colors='r', line_widths=1)
>>> vis.draw_lines(x_datas=np.array([[1, 3], [2, 4]]),
>>>                y_datas=np.array([[1, 3], [2, 4]]),
>>>                colors=['r', 'r'], line_widths=[1, 2])
>>> vis.draw_texts(text='MMEngine',
>>>               position=np.array([2, 2]),
>>>               colors='b')
>>> vis.draw_texts(text=['MMEngine','OpenMMLab'],
>>>                position=np.array([[2, 2], [5, 5]]),
>>>                colors=['b', 'b'])
>>> vis.draw_circles(circle_coord=np.array([2, 2]), radius=np.array[1])
>>> vis.draw_circles(circle_coord=np.array([[2, 2], [3, 5]),
>>>                  radius=np.array[1, 2], colors=['g', 'r'])
>>> square = np.array([[0, 0], [100, 0], [100, 100], [0, 100]])
>>> vis.draw_polygons(polygons=square, edge_colors='g')
>>> squares = [np.array([[0, 0], [100, 0], [100, 100], [0, 100]]),
>>>            np.array([[0, 0], [50, 0], [50, 50], [0, 50]])]
>>> vis.draw_polygons(polygons=squares, edge_colors=['g', 'r'])
>>> vis.draw_binary_masks(binary_mask, alpha=0.6)
>>> heatmap = vis.draw_featmap(featmap, img,
>>>                            channel_reduction='select_max')
>>> heatmap = vis.draw_featmap(featmap, img, channel_reduction=None,
>>>                            topk=8, arrangement=(4, 2))
>>> heatmap = vis.draw_featmap(featmap, img, channel_reduction=None,
>>>                            topk=-1)

>>> # chain calls
>>> vis.draw_bboxes().draw_texts().draw_circle().draw_binary_masks()

>>> # Backend related methods
>>> vis = Visualizer(vis_backends=[dict(type='LocalVisBackend')],
>>>                                save_dir='temp_dir')
>>> cfg = Config(dict(a=1, b=dict(b1=[0, 1])))
>>> vis.add_config(cfg)
>>> image=np.random.randint(0, 256, size=(10, 10, 3)).astype(np.uint8)
>>> vis.add_image('image',image)
>>> vis.add_scaler('mAP', 0.6)
>>> vis.add_scalars({'loss': 0.1,'acc':0.8})

>>> # inherit
>>> class DetLocalVisualizer(Visualizer):
>>>      def add_datasample(self,
>>>                         name,
>>>                         image: np.ndarray,
>>>                         gt_sample:
>>>                             Optional['BaseDataElement'] = None,
>>>                         pred_sample:
>>>                             Optional['BaseDataElement'] = None,
>>>                         draw_gt: bool = True,
>>>                         draw_pred: bool = True,
>>>                         show: bool = False,
>>>                         wait_time: int = 0,
>>>                         step: int = 0) -> None:
>>>         pass

add_config(config, **kwargs)[源代码]¶

Record the config.

参数:: config (Config) – The Config object.

add_datasample(name, image, data_sample=None, draw_gt=True, draw_pred=True, show=False, wait_time=0, step=0)[源代码]¶

Draw datasample.

参数:

image (ndarray) –
data_sample (BaseDataElement | None) –
draw_gt (bool) –
draw_pred (bool) –
show (bool) –
wait_time (int) –
step (int) –

返回类型:

None

add_graph(model, data_batch, **kwargs)[源代码]¶

Record the model graph.

参数:

model (torch.nn.Module) – Model to draw.
data_batch (Sequence[dict]) – Batch of data from dataloader.

返回类型:

None

add_image(name, image, step=0)[源代码]¶

Record the image.

参数:

name (str) – The image identifier.
image (np.ndarray, optional) – The image to be saved. The format should be RGB. Defaults to None.
step (int) – Global step value to record. Defaults to 0.

返回类型:

None

add_scalar(name, value, step=0, **kwargs)[源代码]¶

Record the scalar data.

参数:

name (str) – The scalar identifier.
value (float, int) – Value to save.
step (int) – Global step value to record. Defaults to 0.

返回类型:

None

add_scalars(scalar_dict, step=0, file_path=None, **kwargs)[源代码]¶

Record the scalars’ data.

参数:

scalar_dict (dict) – Key-value pair storing the tag and corresponding values.
step (int) – Global step value to record. Defaults to 0.
file_path (str, optional) – The scalar’s data will be saved to the file_path file at the same time if the file_path parameter is specified. Defaults to None.

返回类型:

None

close()[源代码]¶

close an opened object.

返回类型:: None

property dataset_meta: dict | None¶

Meta info of the dataset.

Type:: Optional[dict]

draw_bboxes(bboxes, edge_colors='g', line_styles='-', line_widths=2, face_colors='none', alpha=0.8)[源代码]¶

Draw single or multiple bboxes.

参数:

bboxes (Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]) – The bboxes to draw with the format of(x1,y1,x2,y2).
edge_colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The colors of bboxes. colors can have the same length with lines or just single value. If colors is single value, all the lines will have the same colors. Refer to matplotlib. colors for full list of formats that are accepted. Defaults to ‘g’.
line_styles (Union[str, List[str]]) – The linestyle of lines. line_styles can have the same length with texts or just single value. If line_styles is single value, all the lines will have the same linestyle. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/collections_api.html?highlight=collection#matplotlib.collections.AsteriskPolygonCollection.set_linestyle for more details. Defaults to ‘-‘.
line_widths (Union[Union[int, float], List[Union[int, float]]]) – The linewidth of lines. line_widths can have the same length with lines or just single value. If line_widths is single value, all the lines will have the same linewidth. Defaults to 2.
face_colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The face colors. Defaults to None.
alpha (Union[int, float]) – The transparency of bboxes. Defaults to 0.8.

返回类型:

Visualizer

draw_binary_masks(binary_masks, colors='g', alphas=0.8)[源代码]¶

Draw single or multiple binary masks.

参数:

binary_masks (np.ndarray, torch.Tensor) – The binary_masks to draw with of shape (N, H, W), where H is the image height and W is the image width. Each value in the array is either a 0 or 1 value of uint8 type.
colors (np.ndarray) – The colors which binary_masks will convert to. colors can have the same length with binary_masks or just single value. If colors is single value, all the binary_masks will convert to the same colors. The colors format is RGB. Defaults to np.array([0, 255, 0]).
alphas (Union[int, List[int]]) – The transparency of masks. Defaults to 0.8.

返回类型:

Visualizer

draw_circles(center, radius, edge_colors='g', line_styles='-', line_widths=2, face_colors='none', alpha=0.8)[源代码]¶

Draw single or multiple circles.

参数:

center (Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]) – The x coordinate of each line’ start and end points.
radius (Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]) – The y coordinate of each line’ start and end points.
edge_colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The colors of circles. colors can have the same length with lines or just single value. If colors is single value, all the lines will have the same colors. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html for more details. Defaults to ‘g.
line_styles (Union[str, List[str]]) – The linestyle of lines. line_styles can have the same length with texts or just single value. If line_styles is single value, all the lines will have the same linestyle. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/collections_api.html?highlight=collection#matplotlib.collections.AsteriskPolygonCollection.set_linestyle for more details. Defaults to ‘-‘.
line_widths (Union[Union[int, float], List[Union[int, float]]]) – The linewidth of lines. line_widths can have the same length with lines or just single value. If line_widths is single value, all the lines will have the same linewidth. Defaults to 2.
face_colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The face colors. Defaults to None.
alpha (Union[int, float]) – The transparency of circles. Defaults to 0.8.

返回类型:

Visualizer

static draw_featmap(featmap, overlaid_image=None, channel_reduction='squeeze_mean', topk=20, arrangement=(4, 5), resize_shape=None, alpha=0.5)[源代码]¶

Draw featmap.

If overlaid_image is not None, the final output image will be the weighted sum of img and featmap.
If resize_shape is specified, featmap and overlaid_image are interpolated.
If resize_shape is None and overlaid_image is not None, the feature map will be interpolated to the spatial size of the image in the case where the spatial dimensions of overlaid_image and featmap are different.
If channel_reduction is “squeeze_mean” and “select_max”, it will compress featmap to single channel image and weighted sum to overlaid_image.
If channel_reduction is None
- If topk <= 0, featmap is assert to be one or three channel and treated as image and will be weighted sum to overlaid_image.
- If topk > 0, it will select topk channel to show by the sum of each channel. At the same time, you can specify the arrangement to set the window layout.

参数:

featmap (torch.Tensor) – The featmap to draw which format is (C, H, W).
overlaid_image (np.ndarray, optional) – The overlaid image. Defaults to None.
channel_reduction (str, optional) – Reduce multiple channels to a single channel. The optional value is ‘squeeze_mean’ or ‘select_max’. Defaults to ‘squeeze_mean’.
topk (int) – If channel_reduction is not None and topk > 0, it will select topk channel to show by the sum of each channel. if topk <= 0, tensor_chw is assert to be one or three. Defaults to 20.
arrangement (Tuple[int, int]) – The arrangement of featmap when channel_reduction is None and topk > 0. Defaults to (4, 5).
resize_shape (tuple, optional) – The shape to scale the feature map. Defaults to None.
alpha (Union[int, List[int]]) – The transparency of featmap. Defaults to 0.5.

返回:

RGB image.

返回类型:

np.ndarray

draw_lines(x_datas, y_datas, colors='g', line_styles='-', line_widths=2)[源代码]¶

Draw single or multiple line segments.

参数:

x_datas (Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]) – The x coordinate of each line’ start and end points.
y_datas (Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]) – The y coordinate of each line’ start and end points.
colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The colors of lines. colors can have the same length with lines or just single value. If colors is single value, all the lines will have the same colors. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html for more details. Defaults to ‘g’.
line_styles (Union[str, List[str]]) – The linestyle of lines. line_styles can have the same length with texts or just single value. If line_styles is single value, all the lines will have the same linestyle. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/collections_api.html?highlight=collection#matplotlib.collections.AsteriskPolygonCollection.set_linestyle for more details. Defaults to ‘-‘.
line_widths (Union[Union[int, float], List[Union[int, float]]]) – The linewidth of lines. line_widths can have the same length with lines or just single value. If line_widths is single value, all the lines will have the same linewidth. Defaults to 2.

返回类型:

Visualizer

draw_points(positions, colors='g', marker=None, sizes=None)[源代码]¶

Draw single or multiple points.

参数:

positions (Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]) – Positions to draw.
colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The colors of points. colors can have the same length with points or just single value. If colors is single value, all the points will have the same colors. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html for more details. Defaults to ‘g.
marker (str, optional) – The marker style. See matplotlib.markers for more information about marker styles. Defaults to None.
sizes (Optional[Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]]) – The marker size. Defaults to None.

draw_polygons(polygons, edge_colors='g', line_styles='-', line_widths=2, face_colors='none', alpha=0.8)[源代码]¶

Draw single or multiple bboxes.

参数:

polygons (Union[Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor], List[Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]]]) – The polygons to draw with the format of (x1,y1,x2,y2,…,xn,yn).
edge_colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The colors of polygons. colors can have the same length with lines or just single value. If colors is single value, all the lines will have the same colors. Refer to matplotlib.colors for full list of formats that are accepted. Defaults to ‘g.
line_styles (Union[str, List[str]]) – The linestyle of lines. line_styles can have the same length with texts or just single value. If line_styles is single value, all the lines will have the same linestyle. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/collections_api.html?highlight=collection#matplotlib.collections.AsteriskPolygonCollection.set_linestyle for more details. Defaults to ‘-‘.
line_widths (Union[Union[int, float], List[Union[int, float]]]) – The linewidth of lines. line_widths can have the same length with lines or just single value. If line_widths is single value, all the lines will have the same linewidth. Defaults to 2.
face_colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The face colors. Defaults to None.
alpha (Union[int, float]) – The transparency of polygons. Defaults to 0.8.

返回类型:

Visualizer

draw_texts(texts, positions, font_sizes=None, colors='g', vertical_alignments='top', horizontal_alignments='left', font_families='sans-serif', bboxes=None, font_properties=None)[源代码]¶

Draw single or multiple text boxes.

参数:

texts (Union[str, List[str]]) – Texts to draw.
positions (Union[np.ndarray, torch.Tensor]) – The position to draw the texts, which should have the same length with texts and each dim contain x and y.
font_sizes (Union[int, List[int]], optional) – The font size of texts. font_sizes can have the same length with texts or just single value. If font_sizes is single value, all the texts will have the same font size. Defaults to None.
colors (Union[str, tuple, List[str], List[tuple]]) – The colors of texts. colors can have the same length with texts or just single value. If colors is single value, all the texts will have the same colors. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html for more details. Defaults to ‘g.
vertical_alignments (Union[str, List[str]]) – The verticalalignment of texts. verticalalignment controls whether the y positional argument for the text indicates the bottom, center or top side of the text bounding box. vertical_alignments can have the same length with texts or just single value. If vertical_alignments is single value, all the texts will have the same verticalalignment. verticalalignment can be ‘center’ or ‘top’, ‘bottom’ or ‘baseline’. Defaults to ‘top’.
horizontal_alignments (Union[str, List[str]]) – The horizontalalignment of texts. Horizontalalignment controls whether the x positional argument for the text indicates the left, center or right side of the text bounding box. horizontal_alignments can have the same length with texts or just single value. If horizontal_alignments is single value, all the texts will have the same horizontalalignment. Horizontalalignment can be ‘center’,’right’ or ‘left’. Defaults to ‘left’.
font_families (Union[str, List[str]]) – The font family of texts. font_families can have the same length with texts or just single value. If font_families is single value, all the texts will have the same font family. font_familiy can be ‘serif’, ‘sans-serif’, ‘cursive’, ‘fantasy’ or ‘monospace’. Defaults to ‘sans-serif’.
bboxes (Union[dict, List[dict]], optional) – The bounding box of the texts. If bboxes is None, there are no bounding box around texts. bboxes can have the same length with texts or just single value. If bboxes is single value, all the texts will have the same bbox. Reference to https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.FancyBboxPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.FancyBboxPatch for more details. Defaults to None.
font_properties (Union[FontProperties, List[FontProperties]], optional) – The font properties of texts. FontProperties is a font_manager.FontProperties() object. If you want to draw Chinese texts, you need to prepare a font file that can show Chinese characters properly. For example: simhei.ttf, simsun.ttc, simkai.ttf and so on. Then set font_properties=matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(fname='path/to/font_file') font_properties can have the same length with texts or just single value. If font_properties is single value, all the texts will have the same font properties. Defaults to None. New in version 0.6.0.

返回类型:

Visualizer

get_backend(name)[源代码]¶

get vis backend by name.

参数:: name (str) – The name of vis backend
返回:: The vis backend.
返回类型:: BaseVisBackend

get_image()[源代码]¶

Get the drawn image. The format is RGB.

返回:: the drawn image which channel is RGB.
返回类型:: np.ndarray

classmethod get_instance(name, **kwargs)[源代码]¶

Make subclass can get latest created instance by Visualizer.get_current_instance().

Downstream codebase may need to get the latest created instance without knowing the specific Visualizer type. For example, mmdetection builds visualizer in runner and some component which cannot access runner wants to get latest created visualizer. In this case, the component does not know which type of visualizer has been built and cannot get target instance. Therefore, Visualizer overrides the get_instance() and its subclass will register the created instance to _instance_dict additionally. get_current_instance() will return the latest created subclass instance.

示例

>>> class DetLocalVisualizer(Visualizer):
>>>     def __init__(self, name):
>>>         super().__init__(name)
>>>
>>> visualizer1 = DetLocalVisualizer.get_instance('name1')
>>> visualizer2 = Visualizer.get_current_instance()
>>> visualizer3 = DetLocalVisualizer.get_current_instance()
>>> assert id(visualizer1) == id(visualizer2) == id(visualizer3)

参数:: name (str) – Name of instance.
返回:: Corresponding name instance.
返回类型:: object

set_image(image)[源代码]¶

Set the image to draw.

参数:: image (np.ndarray) – The image to draw.
返回类型:: None

show(drawn_img=None, win_name='image', wait_time=0.0, continue_key=' ', backend='matplotlib')[源代码]¶

Show the drawn image.

参数:

drawn_img (np.ndarray, optional) – The image to show. If drawn_img is None, it will show the image got by Visualizer. Defaults to None.
win_name (str) – The image title. Defaults to ‘image’.
wait_time (float) – Delay in seconds. 0 is the special value that means “forever”. Defaults to 0.
continue_key (str) – The key for users to continue. Defaults to the space key.
backend (str) – The backend to show the image. Defaults to ‘matplotlib’. New in version 0.7.3.

返回类型:

None